One would assume that all buildings are designed with humans in mind. While this has naturally been the intent, our understanding of ourselves as humans is an ever-evolving subject. The relatively new discipline of neuroarchitecture is taking this understanding to new levels. Neuroarchitecture examines how our built environments impact our emotions, behaviors, and overall well-being, merging insights from neuroscience with architectural design.

Human Behavior and Environmental Response

Humans have long believed in their freedom of choice in thoughts and reactions, unlike animals that behave instinctively. However, we are more pre-programmed than we like to admit. For instance, when entering a relatively empty restaurant, most people instinctively choose seats against walls or windows. This behavior reflects our evolutionary instincts for safety and comfort, seeking “prospect and refuge”—the desire to observe our surroundings while feeling secure.

We respond to our environment in ways that often go unnoticed. Factors such as light, colour, and spatial arrangement significantly influence our emotional states. Research indicates that exposure to natural light can improve mood and productivity, while certain colours can evoke specific emotional responses, reinforcing the need for thoughtful design in our built environments.

The Science of Space

Neuroarchitecture explores the intricate relationship between the built environment and the human brain, revealing how our surroundings shape our perceptions, emotions, and behaviours, often beyond our conscious awareness. For instance, studies have shown that exposure to natural light and elements of nature can significantly reduce stress and promote healing (Ezzat Ahmed et al., 2021). Similarly, spatial configurations can enhance creativity or focus, suggesting that the design of our environments can profoundly impact our mental states.

One illustrative example is the “cathedral effect,” which suggests that high ceilings can inspire expansive and creative thinking, whereas low ceilings may enhance focus. This phenomenon has been observed in various settings, from boardrooms to living rooms. Research has demonstrated that individuals in high-ceilinged rooms tend to perform better on creative tasks compared to those in low-ceilinged environments (Assem et al., 2023).

The Evolutionary Perspective

To fully appreciate the impact of architecture on human well-being, it is essential to consider our evolutionary history. Although humanity has evolved rapidly over the last century, our physiological selves remain closely tied to our ancestors who inhabited the savannahs and plains for millennia. This connection underscores the importance of biophilic design, which emphasizes our innate affinity for nature.

Studies conducted by the Academy of Neurosciences for Architecture have consistently shown that exposure to natural elements, such as sunlight, greenery, and water, can significantly reduce stress and promote healing (Academy of Neurosciences for Architecture, 2023). Architects must innovate to find creative solutions that bring nature into urban settings, whether through green roofs, vertical gardens, or the use of natural materials. This evolutionary perspective not only highlights the benefits of biophilic design but also calls for a thoughtful approach to its integration in diverse contexts.

The Autonomic Nervous System and the Built Environment

Our autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) systems, plays a crucial role in how we respond to our surroundings. Ideally, we need to oscillate between these two states rather than find a middle ground. The built environment can either calm and relax us or energize us, depending on its design.

By understanding the impact of spatial qualities, lighting, and materials on the autonomic nervous system, architects can design spaces that support the user’s desired state. For example, a workspace designed to enhance focus and productivity might incorporate natural light, muted colours, and minimal distractions, while a relaxation area could feature soft lighting, natural textures, and views of nature. However, achieving this balance is not without challenges. The diverse needs of occupants in shared spaces may require architects to design adaptable environments that can cater to different states throughout the day. This approach necessitates a deeper understanding of how different stimuli affect various individuals, adding complexity to the design process.

Designing the Optimal Workspace

Even the arrangement of our workspaces can affect our productivity and mood. Research from the Huberman Lab indicates that looking down even slightly promotes sleepiness, while looking level or upwards fosters wakefulness (Huberman Lab, 2023). This finding highlights the importance of ergonomic design in our everyday environments, particularly in workspaces where focus and creativity are paramount.

However, ergonomic design is not one-size-fits-all. The diversity in human physiology and work habits means that what works for one person may not work for another. Architects and designers must consider individual differences when creating workspaces, perhaps incorporating adjustable elements that allow users to tailor their environments to their personal needs. This approach underscores the importance of user-centred design, which takes into account the variability in human experiences and responses.

Conclusion: A Call to Action

As architects and designers, we bear a profound responsibility to create spaces that enhance human well-being. By integrating principles of neuroarchitecture into our projects, we can design environments that support the cognitive, emotional, and physiological needs of their occupants. However, the application of these principles is not without its challenges. Balancing the diverse needs of users, the constraints of urban environments, and the complexities of individual differences requires a nuanced and thoughtful approach.

From healthcare facilities that promote healing to resorts that provide a place to rest and recharge, to educational settings that foster learning and creativity, the applications of neuroarchitecture are vast and impactful. If you are interested in exploring how these concepts can be integrated into your next project, I invite you to contact us. Let us assist you in creating spaces that resonate with human needs and foster a healthier, more productive lifestyle.

References

Academy of Neurosciences for Architecture. “The Impact of Architecture on Human Behavior.” ANFA.

Huberman Lab. “The Effects of Environment on Human Behavior.” Huberman Lab.

Ezzat Ahmed, D., Kamel, S., & Khodeir, L. (2021). Exploring the contribution of Neuroarchitecture in learning environments design. International Journal of Architectural Engineering and Urban Research, 4(1), 67–94. Link

Assem, M., Khodeir, L., & Fathy, F. (2023). Designing for human wellbeing: The integration of neuroarchitecture in design – A systematic review. Link 

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